V2L, V2V, V2H, V2G: 4 Discharge Functions of New Energy Vehicles Explained

With the continuous advancement of new energy vehicle technology, cars are no longer just a means of transportation but also mobile energy storage units. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology enables electric vehicles to interact with external devices or the power grid, ensuring efficient use of electricity. Today, we will explore the four main external power supply functions: V2L, V2V, V2H, and V2G.

1.V2L (Vehicle-to-Load): Powering External Devices

V2L allows electric vehicles to supply power to external devices, similar to a mobile power bank. This function is useful for camping, picnics, construction sites, and emergency power supply situations.

Features of V2L

• ✅ Suitable for low-power appliances such as induction cookers, coffee machines, and phone chargers.

• ✅ Directly supplies power from the vehicle's battery without complex conversion equipment.

• ✅ Ideal for outdoor activities and emergency power needs.

V2L Application Scenarios

• Camping Power Supply: Provides electricity for camping equipment such as lights and grills.

• Outdoor Office: Powers laptops, projectors, and other electronic devices.

• Emergency Rescue: Supplies power during blackouts or natural disasters.

2.  V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle): Power Transfer Between Vehicles

V2V refers to one electric vehicle supplying power to another, typically used for energy sharing between EVs, helping low-battery vehicles recharge.

Features of V2V

•  Direct vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer enhances driving flexibility.

•  Suitable for long trips or emergency power support.

•  Requires a specialized V2V connection cable for charging.

V2V Application Scenarios

•  EV Rescue: Provides emergency power to electric vehicles with low battery.

•  Shared Charging: Transfers power between fleet or household EVs.

3.  V2H (Vehicle-to-Home): Powering Household Systems

V2H allows electric vehicles to supply power to a home's electrical system, acting as a backup power source, especially useful during power outages.

Features of V2H

•  Connects the vehicle to the home power grid for bidirectional power flow.

•  Requires specialized inverters and bidirectional charging systems.

•  Suitable for home emergency power supply and electricity cost optimization.

V2H Application Scenarios

•  Home Backup Power: Supplies electricity during unexpected outages.

•  Peak Load Shaving: Charges the vehicle during off-peak hours and discharges during peak times to reduce electricity costs.

4.  V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): Supplying Power to the Grid

V2G allows electric vehicles to feed power back into the grid, helping regulate grid load and improve energy efficiency.

Features of V2G

•  Vehicles can act as part of the power grid’s energy storage system.

•  Requires bidirectional charging and discharging technology.

•  Owners can earn financial incentives by selling electricity back to the grid.

V2G Application Scenarios

•  Grid Regulation: Discharges power during high demand and charges during low demand.

•  Renewable Energy Storage: Works with wind and solar energy to optimize energy use.

 Summary

The development of V2X technology has transformed electric vehicles into essential components of smart energy management. Whether for individual users or grid operators, leveraging these technologies can enhance energy efficiency and contribute to a greener, more sustainable future.  

As technology continues to evolve, V2X will play an even more significant role in the smart energy sector.